API Key Lifecycle Management

Managing API keys throughout their lifecycle is critical for security. This guide covers the complete lifecycle from creation to retirement, with best practices at each stage.

1. Key Creation

• Use cryptographically secure random key generation
• Generate unique keys per environment (dev, staging, prod)
• Document the purpose and owner of each key
• Set appropriate scopes and permissions at creation
• Store the key securely immediately after generation

2. Key Distribution

Distribute keys securely using established channels. Never send keys via email or chat.

• Use password managers for team sharing
• Implement secret rotation reminders
• Track who has access to each key
• Set expiration dates at creation

3. Key Usage Monitoring

Continuously monitor key usage for anomalies and ensure keys are only used for intended purposes.

• Log all API calls with timestamps
• Set up alerts for unusual usage patterns
• Track consumption against quotas
• Monitor for potential leaks (GitHub secret scanning)

4. Key Rotation

Regular rotation reduces the impact of compromised keys. Implement automated rotation where possible.

• Rotate keys every 90 days minimum
• Use dual-key approach for zero-downtime rotation
• Automate rotation with CI/CD pipelines
• Update documentation after rotation

5. Key Revocation

When keys are compromised or no longer needed, revoke them immediately.

• Have a clear revocation process documented
• Know how to revoke keys for each service
• Update all references when revoking
• Audit remaining keys after revocation

Key Management Tools

Use dedicated key management solutions like API Key Health to automate lifecycle management, track usage, and receive rotation alerts.